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Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 2011;11(5):17-24.
Published online October 31, 2011.
계단실 가압과 승강로 가압 제연방식의 성능 비교 연구
박경환, 소수현, 윤명오
Comparative Study on Stair verses Elevator Shaft Pressurization for Fire Smoke Control
Kyung-Hwan Park, Soo-Hyun So, Myung-Oh Yoon
Abstract
Pressurization of stair and elevator shaft is used to prevent the diffusion of smoke over the whole building through the elevator shaft and stair in high rise building. At the apartment which combines the vestibule of a special evacuation stair and the platform of an emergency elevator, the pressurization test of stairway and elevator shaft was carried out. At the elevator pressurization test, the amount of air was 150 CMM, which was necessary to sustain the pressure difference of the standard, 50 Pa, at the condition of all closed doors. When an elevator door was opened, the average velocity went beyond the standard value, 0.75 m/s, at the swelling door and kept the pressure difference of 10 Pa was sustained at the non-opened floor. On the other hand, in the case of the pressurization of stairway, when a low-floor door was opened, the pressure difference of 10 Pa could not be kept at the closed floor even though the amount of air of 180 and 360 CMM was supplied. When a high-floor door was opened, the pressure difference of 10 Pa was made at the non-opened floor, but the overpressure was caused at the low-floor. Therefore, the comparision result of two methods of smoke control showed that the pressurization of elevator shaft have better performance than that of the pressurization of stairway.
Key Words: High rise building; Apartment; Smoke control; Pressure difference; Stair pressurization; Elevator shaft pressurization; Critical velocity
요지
고층건물에서 연기가 승강로와 계단을 통해 건물 전체로 확산되는 것을 방지하기 위해서 계단실 가압과 승강로 가압을 사용한다. 특별피난계단 부속실과 비상용승강기 승강장을 겸하는 아파트 건물에서 계단실 가압과 승강로 가압시험을 실시하였다. 승강기 가압시험에서 모든 문이 닫힌 상태에서 50 Pa의 기준 차압을 유지하는데 필요한 공기량은 150 CMM이었다. 승강기 문이 1개 개방되었을 때에는 세대 문에 평균 풍속이 0.75 m/s 기준값을 초과하였고, 비개방층에서도 10 Pa 이상의 압력차를 유지하였다. 반면 계단실 가압의 경우에는 180과 360 CMM으로 급기를 하여도 저층부의 문이 개방되면 비개방층에서 10 Pa의 압력을 유지할 수 없었다. 고층부가 개방되는 경우에는 비개방층에서 10 Pa의 차압을 형성하였지만 저층부에서는 과압이 발생하였다. 따라서 두 가지 제연방식을 비교한 결과, 고층 건축물에서는 승강로 가압이 계단실 가압에 비해 성능이 우수한 것으로 판단되었다.
핵심용어: 고층 건축물; 아파트; 제연; 차압; 계단실 가압; 승강로 가압; 방연(임계)풍속


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